In many ways, the definition of sustainable development proposed by the Brundtland Commission was vague and ambiguous; however, commentators eventually began to focus on what became known as the three pillars, or dimensions, of sustainable development: environmental protection, economic development and social equity.[1] Many of...
Shane et al. argued strongly that differences among people with respect to their personal motivations significantly influenced their actions during the entrepreneurial process and that it was incumbent upon researchers to incorporate individual-level variations in motivations into the study of entrepreneurship.[1] They noted, for example,...
In the 1990s, Elkington proposed a framework for measuring and quantifying an organization’s economic activities that had a direct impact on society and the environment, thus moving beyond traditional performance measures such as profit, return on investment and shareholder value to incorporate creation of social...
Gibbs noted that the interplay between external factors and the personal motivations of ecopreneurs had been used to suggest various typologies of ecopreneurs.[1] The typology proposed by Walley and Taylor was based on two axes: structural influences and personal orientation/motivation. The structural dimension ranged from...
Founders start businesses for a number of reasons and it is difficult to identify a set of personality traits that can associated with everyone that starts a new business. In fact, a fair number of businesses are started for reasons not chosen by the founder,...
According to Montiel, interest in corporate sustainability surged after the United Nations World Economic and Development Commission popularized the term “sustainable development” in its famous 1987 “Brundtland Report” and researchers began to adapt the concept to companies by declaring that they could pursue sustainability by...
There has been growing interest in the relationship between the institutional framework that exists in a country and the level and type of entrepreneurship practiced in that country.[1] For example, when discussing the important and fundamental role that institutions play with respect to economic development,...
Sustainability is often associated with the concept of “sustainable development”. One of the first, and still among the most commonly cited, definitions of “sustainable development” was proposed in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development of the United Nations (generally referred to simply...
As with any strategic initiative, there needs to be way measure performance with respect to any environmental management initiative. The Table below summarizes some environmental management performance measures that have been cited in a selection of studies that were reviewed by Montiel.[1] A variety of...
Entrepreneurship has been continuously linked to economic development of countries and has often been championed as a key path for transforming developing countries toward greater economic growth, innovation, competitiveness and alleviation of poverty.[1] However, researchers have bemoaned the fact that, as described by Lingelbach et...